Nestled among the Tianshan Mountains in China's Xinjiang, lies the Bayanbulak Grassland, the largest alpine grassland in China. It covers an area of more than 23,000 square kilometers. Bayanbulak means "rich spring water" in Mongolian. The surrounding snowy peaks act like a huge reservoir, delivering abundant water resources to the grassland and forming a huge number of lakes and marshes. On the flat grassland, even a small force can alter the direction of a river. Kaidu River, which is composed of melt water from the Tianshan Mountains, has a total length of more than 500 kilometers and has more than 10,000 bends. Find the right view point, and as the sun sets, it's possible to see the reflection of nine suns all at the same time. The grassland interior is a paradise for animals. In March each year, juvenile swans set off from India, southern Africa and other distant parts of the world, to live and breed here. For the young swans, as they learn to fly, the Himalayas pose their first challenge.

In Xinjiang China, the beautiful scenery can often take miraculous forms. Anjihai Town has become famous the world over due to one canyon in particular.The river, which originates in the Tianshan Mountains, rushes down the steep slopes, carving its way through escarpments formed over millenia. The canyon is about 30 kilometres in length, with the valley floor being 3 to 4 hundred metres at its widest, while the narrowest part is only two or three meters. From above, Anjihai Grand Canyon is rich in colors. On either side of the Canyon, red standstone and gray mudstone alternate to create an astonishing landscape. The colors are formed as the river erodes and dissolves the sandstone and mudstone, drawing abstract pictures on the land. It is one of the most beautiful and yet virtually unknown canyons in Xinjiang. Because it is so hidden and the land on either side of the comyon and the same height, people sometimes come across it without warming. If they don't stop in time, then they could easily plunge off the cliff.

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脑膜瘤病理类型多样，临床表现复杂，是中枢神经系统最常见的原发肿瘤。大多数良性脑膜瘤（WHO 1级）患者通过手术和/或放射治疗能够获得良好临床预后。然而，部分具有进展趋势的良性脑膜瘤和不典型或恶性脑膜瘤（WHO 2-3级）仍面临着复发率高，后期治疗困难等问题，严重影响患者生存质量。近年来，越来越多研究发现脑膜瘤从基因、蛋白到代谢等各个层面的分子特征与其病理分级、患者临床预后密切相关；此外，仅依据组织形态作为主要判定标准的传统病理分级和分型已不足以准确预测所有脑膜瘤患者的临床预后。2021年，第五版中枢神经系统肿瘤分类分级指南（WHO CNS5）更新了部分中枢神经系统肿瘤亚型的命名和分级方法，并首次将脑膜瘤分子特征纳入诊断标准，但仍缺乏有关问题的系统阐述。

因此，在2021年5月初，在国家神经疾病医学中心、复旦大学附属华山医院周良辅院士、毛颖院长的指导下，由华山医院的宫晔教授和钟平教授发起、启动了这部共识的筹备工作，并在国际临床实践指南注册平台完成了注册（IPGRP-2022CN234）。同年11月，共识编写委员会正式成立，共汇集了来自全国各地主要神经外科单位的25名神经外科专家，包括中华医学会神经外科学分会主任委员、候任主任委员、副主任委员及6位常委，其余专家也都是全国委员和全国青委委员；并邀请华山医院神经病理室的陈宏教授；复旦大学循证医学中心的陈世耀教授团队，兰州大学循证医学中心的陈耀龙教授团队共同参与共识修订。同时设立秘书组筹备和协调编写工作；并携手CMJ编辑部召开共识编写项目线上启动会、修订会和定稿会。历经制定标准、文献调研、临床问题构建、确定共识框架、撰写和讨论修改文稿、评分投票、修稿审定等环节，最终全部编写完成。

英文版全文链接

https://journals.lww.com/cmj/Fulltext/2022/08200/Molecular_diagnosis_and_treatment_of_meningiomas_.2.aspx

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中文版全文链接

https://rs.yiigle.com/CN112050202304/1458625.htm

Function of Lymphocytes in Oligodendrocyte Development
Abstract：Oligodendrocytes generate myelin sheaths to promote rapid neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS). During brain development, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are generated in the medial ganglionic eminence, lateral ganglionic eminence, and dorsal pallium. OPCs proliferate and migrate throughout the CNS at the embryonic stage. After birth, OPCs differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes, which then insulate axons. Oligodendrocyte development is regulated by the extrinsic environment including neurons, astrocytes, and immune cells. During brain development, B lymphocytes are present in the meningeal space, and are involved in oligodendrocyte development by promoting OPC proliferation. T lymphocytes mediate oligodendrocyte development during the remyelination process. Moreover, a subset of microglia contributes to oligodendrocyte development during the neonatal periods. Therefore, the immune system, especially lymphocytes and microglia, contribute to oligodendrocyte development during brain development and remyelination.
DOI: 10.1177/1073858419834221https://doi.org/10.1177/10738584198342