脑膜瘤病理类型多样，临床表现复杂，是中枢神经系统最常见的原发肿瘤。大多数良性脑膜瘤（WHO 1级）患者通过手术和/或放射治疗能够获得良好临床预后。然而，部分具有进展趋势的良性脑膜瘤和不典型或恶性脑膜瘤（WHO 2-3级）仍面临着复发率高，后期治疗困难等问题，严重影响患者生存质量。近年来，越来越多研究发现脑膜瘤从基因、蛋白到代谢等各个层面的分子特征与其病理分级、患者临床预后密切相关；此外，仅依据组织形态作为主要判定标准的传统病理分级和分型已不足以准确预测所有脑膜瘤患者的临床预后。2021年，第五版中枢神经系统肿瘤分类分级指南（WHO CNS5）更新了部分中枢神经系统肿瘤亚型的命名和分级方法，并首次将脑膜瘤分子特征纳入诊断标准，但仍缺乏有关问题的系统阐述。

因此，在2021年5月初，在国家神经疾病医学中心、复旦大学附属华山医院周良辅院士、毛颖院长的指导下，由华山医院的宫晔教授和钟平教授发起、启动了这部共识的筹备工作，并在国际临床实践指南注册平台完成了注册（IPGRP-2022CN234）。同年11月，共识编写委员会正式成立，共汇集了来自全国各地主要神经外科单位的25名神经外科专家，包括中华医学会神经外科学分会主任委员、候任主任委员、副主任委员及6位常委，其余专家也都是全国委员和全国青委委员；并邀请华山医院神经病理室的陈宏教授；复旦大学循证医学中心的陈世耀教授团队，兰州大学循证医学中心的陈耀龙教授团队共同参与共识修订。同时设立秘书组筹备和协调编写工作；并携手CMJ编辑部召开共识编写项目线上启动会、修订会和定稿会。历经制定标准、文献调研、临床问题构建、确定共识框架、撰写和讨论修改文稿、评分投票、修稿审定等环节，最终全部编写完成。

英文版全文链接

https://journals.lww.com/cmj/Fulltext/2022/08200/Molecular_diagnosis_and_treatment_of_meningiomas_.2.aspx

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中文版全文链接

https://rs.yiigle.com/CN112050202304/1458625.htm

Function of Lymphocytes in Oligodendrocyte Development
Abstract：Oligodendrocytes generate myelin sheaths to promote rapid neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS). During brain development, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are generated in the medial ganglionic eminence, lateral ganglionic eminence, and dorsal pallium. OPCs proliferate and migrate throughout the CNS at the embryonic stage. After birth, OPCs differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes, which then insulate axons. Oligodendrocyte development is regulated by the extrinsic environment including neurons, astrocytes, and immune cells. During brain development, B lymphocytes are present in the meningeal space, and are involved in oligodendrocyte development by promoting OPC proliferation. T lymphocytes mediate oligodendrocyte development during the remyelination process. Moreover, a subset of microglia contributes to oligodendrocyte development during the neonatal periods. Therefore, the immune system, especially lymphocytes and microglia, contribute to oligodendrocyte development during brain development and remyelination.
DOI: 10.1177/1073858419834221https://doi.org/10.1177/10738584198342

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-020-03425-8

Blood–brain barrier opening with low intensity pulsed ultrasound for immune modulation and immune therapeutic delivery to CNS tumors
Abstract
Introduction Opening of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) by pulsed low intensity ultrasound has been developed during the last decade and is now recognized as a safe technique to transiently and repeatedly open the BBB. This non- or minimally invasive technique allows for a targeted and uniform dispersal of a wide range of therapeutic substances throughout the brain, including immune cells and antibodies.
Methods In this review article, we summarize pre-clinical studies that have used BBB-opening by pulsed low intensity ultrasound to enhance the delivery of immune therapeutics and effector cell populations, as well as several recent clinical studies that have been initiated. Based on this analysis, we propose immune therapeutic strategies that are most likely to benefit from this strategy. The literature review and trial data research were performed using Medline/Pubmed databases and clinical trial registry www.clini caltr ials.gov. The reference lists of all included articles were searched for additional studies.
Results A wide range of immune therapeutic agents, including small molecular weight drugs, antibodies or NK cells, have been safely and efficiently delivered to the brain with pulsed low intensity ultrasound in preclinical models, and both tumor control and increased survival have been demonstrated in different types of brain tumor models in rodents. Ultrasound-induced BBB disruption may also stimulate innate and cellular immune responses.
Conclusions Ultrasound BBB opening has just recently entered clinical trials with encouraging results, and the association of this strategy with immune therapeutics creates a new field of brain tumor treatment.

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